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Wave Function Collapse Builder

The project allows the user to create organic buildings on an irregular grid that is assembled using the pieces the user provided. 

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It uses Wave Function Collapse (WVC) to dynamically assemble handcrafted building pieces on an irregular grid, letting users create unique structures with minimal effort.

  • Role: Programmer

  • Features:​

    • Irregular generated grid​​​

    • Wave Function Collapse building

  • Project Information:

    • Team size:​ Solo

    • Duration: 1.5 months

  • Tools/Language:

    • Unreal Engine 5​

    • C++

Final Result

The project allows the user to create organic buildings on an irregular grid, that is assembled using the pieces the user provided. 

The dual grid

  • The system operates on two grids: a quad-based one for Wave Function Collapse and a secondary building grid with various polygons.

  • Generates the quad grid by subdividing hexagons into triangles, randomly pairing some into quads, then further subdividing them (Fig.1 at the start).

  • Applies a two-step relaxation (Fig. 1) to make quads more square-like while maintaining an organic look.

  • The building grid (Fig. 2 red grid) is formed by connecting centers of neighboring quads, which can result in triangles, quads, pentagons or hexagons.

DualGrid.png

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

Building meshes

  • Created all building meshes (Fig. 1) from scratch due to the project’s niche nature and lack of a suitable asset pack.

  • In-engine processing detects mesh borders, assigns unique codes (Fig. 2), and checks adjacency compatibility between meshes because they need matching border vertices, requiring precise modeling.

  • To reduce manual asset creation, the system automatically generates (Fig. 3) variations by rotating and mirroring existing pieces, providing all necessary configurations for Wave Function Collapse.

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Fig. 1

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Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Wave Function Collapse

  • The Wave Function Collapse algorithm picks the cell with the least entropy (fewest possible options) and applies the highest-priority choice, propagating constraints to neighboring cells.

  • Valid options are determined by:

    • A Marching Cubes-based bitmask that defines which parts of a cell are hidden.

    • Border codes, ensuring seamless alignment between adjacent cells.

  • This repeats until each cell has a single valid option or all remaining possibilities are valid.

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